Patient Case Study Profiles – Cancer Causes

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Patient Profile – Cancer Causes Patient Recommendation
Mary

·     She is a 64-yea-old woman in generally good health.

·     She had her first child when she was 20.

·     She entered menopause at the age of 58.

·     She has been on hormone replacement therapy since entering menopause (for the past 6 years).

·     She has gained some weight since menopause.

·     Her mother had breast cancer diagnosed at age 37.

·     She had her first period at 13.

 

 Mary’s Recommendation:

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Paula

·     She is 71 years of age, and currently has a urinary bladder tumor, with metastases in the ovaries and possible involvement of one lymph node.

·     She had her first period at 13.

·     Paula’s sister was diagnosed with breast cancer three years ago, then ovarian cancer two-and-a-half years ago.

·     Paula’s mother died of lung cancer.

·     Two maternal uncles had pancreatic cancer.

·     Her maternal aunt had myeloma.

·     Her maternal grandmother has uterine cancer.

·     Paula’s sister had genetic testing, and was found to have a BRCA1 mutation.

 Paula’s Recommendation:

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June

·     June is 58 years old.

·     She has been having “regular” mammograms (at two- to three-year intervals).

·     Her first period was at age 13.

·     She has had two pregnancies, resulting in two children, the first of which was at age 27.

·     She experienced menopause at age 51. She did not take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but she used oral contraceptives for a total of four years in the past.

·     She has high blood pressure and high cholesterol.  She has low levels of thyroid hormones.

·     She also has “weak bones.”

·     Her maternal aunt died of breast cancer in her 30s.

·     Her mother died of a brain tumor at age 39.

·     Her father is alive and well at age 84.

 June’s Recommendation:

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Nora

·     She is a 51-year-old, pre-menopausal woman.

·     Her last bilateral mammogram showed no evidence of a mass.

·     She had her first period at the age of 13.

·     She has had two pregnancies, each resulting in the birth of a child, the first of which was at age 32.

·     She used oral contraceptives for six years.

·     She has not taken any hormone-replacement therapy (HRT).

·     She smoked until age 26.

·     She consumes between 1 and 4 alcoholic drinks per week.

·     Her mother had breast cancer at 48 years of age, and now has lymphoma (at age 72).

·     Her maternal grandmother had breast cancer at age 47, and died of lung cancer.

·     Her paternal first cousin presently has breast cancer.

·     Her paternal aunt died “at a young age” from breast cancer.

·     Her father was of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, and died of colon cancer at 66 years of age.

 Nora’s Recommendation:

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Assessment 6 Instructions:
Homework: Patient Case Study
Profiles – Cancer Causes
This assignment focuses on cancer risks and causes.
Breast Cancer Risks, Genetics, and the
Environment
Cancer is a nonselective disease. Cancer can occur at any age, and although
treatments have been improved, cancer still can be a deadly disease. Some
cancer is linked to environmental causes such as cigarette smoke or UV
radiation. Other causes may be genetic, such as inheriting the gene for breast
cancer. Early detection can impact the outcome of cancer; therefore, it is
important to recognize early symptoms and tests for prevention.
Tanya has received some troubling results from her “23 and Me” DNA test. She
has inherited BRCA1 gene for breast cancer.
Even though Tanya has the breast cancer gene, it does not necessarily mean
she will ever develop breast cancer. However, she does have a chance. In this
unit, you are going evaluate the medical histories and breast cancer risks of
Tanya’s friends and estimate how they might reduce their risks. You will learn
about the various risk factors, both genetic and lifestyle related, as well as
prevention methods for breast cancer.
Overview
With advancements in medicine, genetic testing can be used to determine if you
have gene for a specific type of cancer. For example, the BRAC1 is a gene for
breast cancer, but just because you have the gene you may not develop cancer;
however, it still gives a person a greater risk. In this assignment, you are going to
evaluate the medical histories and breast cancer risks of Tanya’s friends and
estimate how they might reduce their risks. You will learn about the various risk
factors, both genetic and lifestyle related, as well as prevention methods for
breast cancer.

Instructions
For this assignment, you will use a Patient Case Study Profile Form [DOCX] to
evaluate four patient profiles and their medical histories. Refer to the resources
listed in the Breast Cancer Risks, Genetics, and the Environment section.
• Examine the four patient profiles and medical histories of Tanya’s friends (Mary,
Paula, June, and Nora) with respect to their breast cancer risk.
• Use the various resources presented to help you analyze the cancer causes for each
profile.
• Use the National Cancer Institute’s Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Risk Calculator
Tool to estimate the patient’s risks of developing breast cancer.
• Provide recommendations for each patient profile as to how they might reduce their
cancer risk.
• Enter your recommendations in the Patient Case Study Profile Form next to each
patient.
• Make sure that you read the Homework: Patient Case Study Profile Scoring Guide
prior to submitting your document to ensure you have met all of the expectations
for this assignment.
• It is recommended to review the scoring guide prior to downloading your
document, or documents, to your computer, since all work must be completed
within the lab.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your
proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
• Competency 2: Apply concepts of human biology to the social sciences.
o Examine each patient profile and cancer risks.
o Analyze each patient profile cancer risks and causes using provided resources.
o Use the risk calculator to estimate the patient’s risks of developing breast cancer.
o Recommend how each patient might reduce their risk of cancer.

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